ASKARI

  Ionic Equilibrium The equilibrium established between the unionised molecules and the ions in the solution of weak electrolytes is called ionic equilibrium. e.g., CH 3  COOH ⇔ CH 3 COO –  + H – Electrolytes Chemrcal substances which can ccnduct electricity in their aqueous stare or tn molten state are called electrolytes. The conduction of current through electrolyte is due to the movement of ions. 1. Strong Electrolytes Electrolytes which dissociate almost completely into constituent ions in aqueous solution are known as strong electrolytes. e.g.. all salts (except HgCl 2 , CdBr 2 )’ mineral acids like HCl, H 2 )SO 4 , HNO 3  etc.. and bases like NaOH. KOH. etc. 2. Weak Electrolytes Electrolytes which dissociate to a lesser extent in aqueous solution are called weak electrolyte. All organic acids (except sulphonic acids), and bases like NH 3 . NH 4 OH, amines etc. Degree of Ionisation or Degree of Dissociation (α) It is the fraction of the total number o...

Atomic Structure Atom John Dalton proposed (in 1808) that atom is the smallest indivisible particle of matter. Atomic radii are of the order of 10 -8 cm. It contain three subatomic particles namely electrons, protons and neutrons, Electron Electron was discovered as a result of study of cathode rays by JJ Thomson. It was named by Stony It carries a unit negative charge (-1.6 * 10 -19  C). Mass of electron is 9.11 * 10 -31  kg and mass of one mole of electron is 0.55 mg. Some of the characteristics of cathode rays are: These travel in straight line away from cathode and produce fluorescence when strike the glass wall of discharge tube. These cause mechanical motion in a small pin wheel placed – their path. These produce X-rays when strike with metal and are deflected by electric and magnetic field Proton Rutherford discovered proton on the basis of anode ray experiment. It carries a unit positive charge (+1.6 * 10 -19 ) C). The mass of proton is 1.007276 U. The e / m ratio of p...

  Chemistry It is the branch of science which deals with the composition, structure and properties of matter. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier is called the father of chemistry. Branches of Chemistry In addition to these biochemistry, war chemistry, nuclear chemistry forensic chemistry, earth chemistry etc., are other branches of chemistry. Matter Anything which occupies some space and have some mass is called matter. It 15 made up of small particles which have space between them. The matter particles attract each other and are in a state of continuous monon. Elements It is the simplest form of pure substance, which can neither be decomposed into nor built from simpler substances by ordinary physical and chemical methods. It contains only one kind of atoms. The number of elements known till date is 118. [Hydrogen IS the most abundant element in the universe. OXYgen (46.6%), a non-metal, is the most abundant element in the earth crust. AI is the most abundant metal in the earth crust. An e...

 Actinorhizal plant Actinorhizal plants  are a group of angiosperms characterized by their ability to form a symbiosis with the nitrogen fixing actinobacteria  Frankia . This association leads to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Classification Actinorhizal plants are dicotyledons distributed among three angiosperm orders, 8 families and 24 genera: Cucurbitales Coriariaceae Coriaria Datiscaceae Datisca Fagales Betulaceae Alnus Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina Casuarina Ceuthostoma Gymnostoma Myricaceae Comptonia Myrica  (including  Morella ) Rosales Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus Hippophae Shepherdia Rhamnaceae Colletia Discaria Kentrothamnus Retanilla Talguenea Trevoa Ochetophila Ceanothus Rosaceae Cercocarpus Chamaebatia Cowania Dryas Purshia These three orders form a single clade within the Rosids, which is a sister taxon to the other major nitrogen-fixing order, the Fabales. All actinorhizal species are trees or shrubs, except for the genus  Datisca . M...